Woman's Breast Implant Saved Her Life by Deflecting a Bullet, Case Study Shows

  

In a remarkable study, researchers report what they are saying is that the first documented case in the medical literature of a silicone implant altering a bullet's trajectory and possibly saving a woman's life.

This horrific but ultimately non-fatal incident transpires in Ontario, Canada, and therefore the events of the evening are the topic of an ongoing investigation, with the shooter remaining unidentified, and therefore the firearm utilized in the episode never having been recovered.

What is certain, though, is that a 30-year-old woman with breast implants sustained severe chest trauma after being struck by a bullet publically at nighttime, with the projectile hitting her suddenly and abruptly.

"The patient-reported walking down [the] street and feeling heat and pain in her left chest, looking down and seeing blood," a probe team led by sawbones Giancarlo McEvenue explains in a very case note.

Right breast implant with damage from bullet trajectory. (McEvenue et al., Plastic Surgery Case Studies, 2020)

After being transferred to a trauma center, the lady was in a very stable condition, with no additional injuries aside from one entry wound within the upper part of her left breast.

Examination of the wound revealed thermal injury surrounding the hole on the left breast, suggesting close proximity to the discharging firearm, and a hard, bullet-like mass might be felt under the woman's skin on the opposite side of her body, lodged behind her right breast.

X-rays confirmed this mass was the bullet still inside the patient's body, within the right lateral thoracic wall, while also showing a fractured rib – clues to the bullet's trajectory through the body, the researchers say, entering the left breast and spending through to the proper thoracic wall, where it absolutely was eventually stopped.

CT scans revealed pulmonary contusion (damage to lung tissue) but no intrathoracic injury, although signs of debris and air indicated both breast implants had been struck by the bullet.

Bullet in right lateral thoracic wall on chest X-ray. (McEvenue et al., Plastic Surgery Case Studies, 2020)

The surgeons removed both damaged implants, and extracted the projectile, which was given to police, and identified as a copper-jacketed 0.40 caliber bullet.

After the successful operation, the woman's medical team used CT imaging in conjunction with the clinical evidence to reconstruct how the bullet tried and true the patient's body and her breast implants.

According to the researchers, the bullet was on track to pass directly through the chest wall and may need striking the woman's heart, had it not been for a deflection within the projectile's trajectory because of the presence of the left implant.

"Based on the trajectory of bullet entry clinically and evaluation radiologically, the sole source of bullet deflection of the bullet is that the left implant," the authors write.

"This implant overlies the center and intrathoracic cavity and so likely saved the women's life."

The researchers suggest deflection occurred within the implant likely at the purpose when the bullet pressed against and ultimately ruptured the implant's membrane.

While the hypothetical role of breast implants slowing down bullet velocity has been investigated before, the researchers say their patient's case is that the first showing multiple lines of evidence that suggest deflection can even occur.

"Our study adds to the current knowledge by using high-resolution CT technology to analyze bullet trajectory in an actual patient case," the authors write.

"This trajectory change could only are because of the bullet hitting the implant in our patient's case because the bullet didn't hit bone on the left side (as evidenced by lack of left-sided fracture and a bullet that retained enough energy to cause right-sided fractures)."

Although reported cases like this could be rare, the team found a minimum of two other cases in the medical literature where ruptured breast implants are thought to possess played a job in saving patients' lives after they were struck by bullets.

"The unfortunate story includes a happy ending in this the patient only suffered minor injuries and made a whole recovery," McEvenue says.

The findings are reported in Plastic Surgery Case Studies.

Massive Swarm of Eels Is The Most Fish Ever Recorded at The Bottom of The Ocean

 Before we start mining for precious metals within the darkness of the deep sea, we would try switching on the sunshine first and observing our surroundings.

In this seemingly isolated abyss, at deeper than 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) below water level, scientists were able to coax an enormous swarm of 115 cutthroat eels (Ilyophis arx) out of the shadows and into the sunshine, and with only a comparatively small package of bait.

The footage represents the best number of deep-sea fish ever recorded at only once within the abyssal ocean, and it had been shot right near a world mining hotspot.

"Our observations truly surprised us," says biological oceanographer Astrid Leitner, who worked on the research at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. 

"We had never seen reports of such high numbers of fishes within the sparsely-populated, food-limited deep-sea."

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) may be a massive expanse of seafloor that runs from Hawaii nearly to Mexico, and it contains a number of the rarest and most highly demanded metals and elements on our planet. 

Over the years, it's drawn increasing interest from the mining industry, which sees this new region as some way to chop down on human labour and therefore the destruction of precious land.

Sixteen contracts have already been issued for deep-sea mining in additional than 1 million square kilometers of this zone, and yet only a small portion of deep abyssal habitats are sampled, explored, or perhaps mapped by scientists.

It's decisions like this that have some scientists and environmentalists warning of a deep-sea "gold rush" that would cause unforeseen damage to ecosystems we all know little about.

The abyssal plains that blanket the underside of our oceans represent 70 per cent of our planet's seafloor and are considered the most important ecosystem on Earth. 

But while these depths are generally thought to contain sparse life, with particularly few fish, that generalisation won't apply to all or any the underwater mountain ranges – called seamounts – that border these valleys, emerging from the encompassing abyssal plain. 

Recent expeditions among submerged seamounts within the Galapagos and off the coast of Tasmania have revealed an unexpected abundance of life forms, many of which we've never seen before, and a few waver these submerged summits that are still deep enough to be considered 'abyssal'. 

To figure out what's down there before we start unearthing sediment and spreading plumes of fabric kilometres away, an expedition of ocean scientists taken off for 3 underwater seamounts within the CCZ and their surrounding plains.

All three of the summits analysed are in locations currently protected against mining activities, but they were chosen because they resemble nearby areas where industry operations have gotten able to tether their vehicles.

Deploying a remotely operated vehicle to every one of those mountains, researchers dropped a kilo of mackerel (around 2 lbs) before of a camera, filming two minutes on, eight minutes off, to provide the fish with a possibility from the sunshine.

The bait itself was purported to mimic a natural food fall, within which a whale or shark carcass drifts to the seafloor and brings together life at the underside.

On all three summits, scientists recorded large swarms of eels coming to feed, although none appeared on the deeper plains below, which sat roughly 1000 metres deeper.

Catching a number of the animals in traps, the team confirmed these were scavenging cutthroat eels, a little-known species with fewer than 10 specimens in captivity worldwide.

Combing through the present literature, the authors couldn't find the other study below 1,000 metres that turned up that number of fish per kilo of bait. Even larger food falls drew a smaller crowd.

Prior to this discovery, for example, a 29-kilogram shark carcass at a depth of 4,400 meters (14,435 ft) only drew in 68 deep-sea zoarcid fish.

It's hard to extrapolate from these brief encounters, but if the sheer number of eels observed during this study says anything about local abundance, then the density of life at these depths might be an order of magnitude more than even our highest predictions so far.

The problem is, fish at these depths are incredibly sensitive to the presence of ROVs, not simply because of their light and noise, but also due to the changes in pressure and electricity that ripple out from them within the water.

The current study tries to limit those influences by turning off the camera and light-weight every so often, but at the identical time, this also means researchers probably undercounted what number fish actually came to feed. 

"Thus," the authors write, "the number of eels observed during this study at abyssal depths is really unprecedented for both abyssal and bathyal depths." 

Whether these eels are just visiting the underwater summit or are permanent residents remains unclear, but this sort of eel has only ever been sampled on similar underwater ridges, suggesting they may be seamount feeding specialists.

It's doubtful that each one abyssal seamount will host similarly large populations of fish. Even within the current study, the northernmost summit had fewer feeders.

But if there are other summits out there with equally abundant kinds of life, scientists are worried what is going to happen to them within the future if suddenly their homes are swarmed with loud vehicles and also the water becomes thick with sediment.

"If this phenomenon isn't just isolated to those two seamounts within the CCZ, the implications on deep-sea ecology may be widespread," says Leitner, who now works at the bay Aquarium Research Institute.

"Our findings highlight what proportion there's still left to get within the deep sea, and the way much we all might lose if we don't manage to mine appropriately."

Grisly Beach Discovery Reveals Broken 'Sword' That Slayed an Unlucky Shark

 When a dead Alopius vulpinus washed up onshore, it had been obvious what had killed it - a swordfish had stabbed it from behind and left an oversized hunk of its "sword" embedded within the beast, a brand new study finds.

No one saw the particular attack, so it's unclear why the swordfish jabbed the shark. But the 2 ocean predators may are competing for prey, the researchers said.

"The possible scenario is that both species were hunting on a faculty of fish or on squids within the deep," said study lead researcher Patrick Jambura, a doctoral student within the Department of Paleontology at the University of Vienna. 

(The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2020)

It's also possible the 2 ocean predators were fighting over territory, or that the swordfish accidentally stabbed the thrasher and left nearly 12 inches (30.1 centimeters) of its "sword" within the victim, he said.

News of the fight's deadly aftermath spread when the shark's body washed abreast of the Mediterranean coast of Libya, near the town of Brega in April 2020. an area citizen scientist group learned about photos and video taken of the 14.5-foot-long (4.5 meters) dead shark.

After seeing the evidence, Jambura told Live Science "I was just stunned for some moments".

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) are known to defend themselves against blue sharks (Prionace glauca) and mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus), as these sharks take advantage of swordfish. 

Swordfish have also been reported attacking whales, sea turtles, inanimate objects, including boats and submarines, and even humans, Jambura and his colleagues wrote within the study.

In 2015, "a diver was killed in Hawaii when he speared a tiny low swordfish that had wandered into a marina," said Yannis Papastamatiou, a marine biologist at Florida International University, who wasn't involved in the study. "It speared him through the chest."

But thresher sharks (Alopias superciliosus) eat small fish "and wouldn't be a threat" to swordfish, Jambura said.

Whatever the reason for the stabbing, "we know that the swordfish attacked from above - the shark was presumably not even alert to the danger [it] was in until it absolutely was too late," Jambura said.

(The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2020)

It appears that the roughly 10-foot-long (3.1 m) swordfish stabbed the shark just behind the top, leaving a cut 2 inches (5 centimeters) deep and three inches (8 cm) wide where it pierced the shark's gill system.

Because nobody performed a necropsy (an animal autopsy), there aren't any thanks to knowing whether that caused deep internal damage, "but from the angle and therefore the depth of penetration, it's safe to mention that the gill region was heavily damaged, possibly also some important arteries," Jambura said.

While this is often the primary reported case of a swordfish killing an Alopius vulpinus, scientists do not know how often this happens within the water's depths.

"We rarely see evidence of those outcomes: Sharks are negatively buoyant and can sink after they die," Papastamatiou told Live Science in an email. "Unless they destroy on the beach like here (which is rare, most will sink into the deep sea), then we can't find evidence of the interaction."

The swordfish left the altercation physically damaged, but that does not mean the fish died; there are known cases of billfish (a close relative of the swordfish) that have damaged, malformed, or maybe missing rostra (or its pointy "sword") that "were apparently still in good physical shape," the researchers wrote within the study. Perhaps the assailant survived.

Artificial Intelligence Is Now Smart Enough to Know When It Can't Be Trusted

 How might The Terminator have played out if Skynet had decided it probably wasn't responsible enough to carry the keys to the complete US nuclear arsenal? because it seems, scientists could have saved us from such a future AI-led apocalypse, by creating neural networks that know when they're untrustworthy.

These deep learning neural networks are designed to mimic the human brain by weighing up a large number of things in balance with one another, spotting patterns in masses of knowledge that humans haven't got the capacity to analyze.

While Skynet might still be how off, AI is already making decisions in fields that affect human lives like autonomous driving and diagnosing, which means it is important that they are as accurate as possible. to assist towards this goal, this newly created neural network system can generate its confidence level moreover as its predictions.

"We need the flexibility to not only have high-performance models but also to know after we cannot trust those models," says scientist Alexander Amini from the MIT technology and computing Laboratory (CSAIL).

This self-awareness of trustworthiness has been given the name Deep Evidential Regression, and it bases its scoring on the standard of the available data it's to figure with – the more accurate and comprehensive the training data, the more likely it's that future predictions are visiting figure out.

The research team compares it to a self-driving car having different levels of certainty about whether to proceed through a junction or whether to attend, just just in case, if the neural network is a smaller amount confident in its predictions. the boldness rating even includes tips for getting the rating higher (by tweaking the network or the computer file, for instance).

While similar safeguards are built into neural networks before, what sets this one apart is that the speed at which it works, without excessive computing demands – it are often completed in one run through the network, instead of several, with a confidence level outputted at the identical time as a call.

"This idea is vital and applicable broadly," says the man of science Daniela Rus. "It will be wont to assess products that depend upon learned models. By estimating the uncertainty of a learned model, we also learn the way much error to expect from the model, and what missing data could improve the model."

The researchers tested their new system by getting it to gauge depths in several parts of a picture, very like a self-driving car might judge distance. The network compared well to existing setups, while also estimating its own uncertainty – the days it had been least certain were indeed the days it got the depths wrong.

As an additional bonus, the network was able to flag up times when it encountered images outside of its usual remit (so very different to the info it had been trained on) – which is a very medical situation could mean getting a doctor to require a review.

Even if a neural network is true 99 percent of the time, that missing 1 percent can have serious consequences, looking at the scenario. The researchers say they're confident that their new, streamlined trust test can help improve safety in real-time, although the work has not yet been peer-reviewed.

"We're beginning to see plenty more of those [neural network] models trickle out of the science lab and into the important world, into situations that are touching humans with potentially life-threatening consequences," says Amini.

"Any user of the tactic, whether it is a doctor or an individual within the passenger seat of a vehicle, must bear in mind of any risk or uncertainty related to that call."

Teaching Rats To Drive Tiny Cars Helps Them Relax, Scientists Discover

 A bunch of rats has learned the way to drive tiny vehicles around to choose up food. How did this unlikely scenario come around, you're little question asking? Well, for a surprisingly interesting reason, actually. 

Researchers from the University of Richmond in Virginia used the vehicle-driving rodents to indicate that an enriched environment can improve cognitive function and help sharpen the power to find out complex tasks. They also demonstrated that the mastery of an advanced skill can reduce levels of stress and help the rodents sit back. 

“The findings that the animals housed in an exceedingly complex environment had more efficient learning within the driving task confirms that the brain could be a plastic organ that's molded by our experiences to some extent,” Dr. Kelly Lambert, study author and professor of Behavioral Neuroscience at the University of Richmond, told IFLScience.

“I tell my students that they're in control of what they are doing with their brains a day of their lives – tougher and enriching lifestyles cause more complex neural networks.”  

As reported within the journal Behavioural Brain Research, the rats were presented with a rodent operated vehicle (ROV) consisting of a plastic jar on electric-powered wheels that they may move forward or steer sideways by touching a copper bar. Understandably, this can be a fairly complex task for a rodent to find out, requiring all manner of cognitive, motor, and visuospatial skills they wouldn’t usually employ together. Nevertheless, after some practice, they were able to successfully navigate around a narrow arena towards a tasty reward, a brilliant sugary Froot Loop cereal. 

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Out of the 11 rats tested, six were housed in standard laboratory cages, while the remaining five got the luxurious of an “enriched environment,” including different toys, and closely resembled their natural habitat.

As hypothesized, the animals living within the enriched environment performed better at the driving test, indicating that they did a more robust job at learning a brand new complex skill. The enriched rats also maintained a powerful interest within the car, even after the reward of food was removed. 

On the opposite hand, the researchers were surprised at the dearth of interest shown by the non-enriched rats and their level of underachievement shown within the driving task. 

The rats' poop was also tested for levels of two hormones, corticosterone, which may be a marker of stress, and dehydroepiandrosterone, which helps control stress. All of the rats' feces showed increasing dehydroepiandrosterone and decreasing corticosterone as their driving training continued. This suggested that each one of the animals within the study, no matter the housing group, lessen stressed after they'd mastered the complex skill. 

Obviously, this study was disbursed on rodents, so we should always watch out to not jump to any conclusions. However, the study could hold some interesting implications when it involves animals' environment and their psychological state.

“It reminds us that we will use challenging tasks with preclinical animal work to find out more about human challenging behavior and cognitive systems,” Lambert added. “We also see that the rats had healthier stress hormone profiles with driving training. we predict this learning task and operating the ROV could also be an animal model for agency or self-efficacy – two elements that are critical for psychological state.”

NASA accidentally films the BEST UFO sightings yet (VIDEO)

 

In the movie, a mysterious object - with a peculiar disc-shaped design - seems to move from 

the Earth's atmosphere causing a huge debate on social networks. What it was? Alien vehicle?

Space debris? Optical illusion or simply Swamp Gas? Some are convinced that it is the 

latest evidence that Earth is being visited by alien beings, while others remain skeptical 

and still not convinced.



Ever since the movie was uploaded to YouTube, it has generated controversy both among those 

who support the idea that it could be an extraterrestrial object, and between those who are 

completely skeptical about the subject, and as a joke they suggest that "the UFOs that they 

are planning to enter our airspace should be registered and pay taxes. "



The truth is that on many occasions only fragments of video are released in which these 

mysterious objects are visible.

However, the fact that NASA interrupts its live feed broadcasts is what raises most 

suspicions among those who are eager to find new evidence for the existence of alien life, 

UFOs and how we are all part of a massive conspiracy.

A user wrote on YouTube:

"The question is not" is it an alien spaceship? "But really" Why didn't NASA cut or blur 

this video like they always do with other strange places? "

According to many people, in today's era, it is no longer a question of whether UFOs are 

real. Indeed, if we look back into the past, we will see numerous fascinating statements 

made by ex astronauts, military officers and scientists about Alien about the life and 

existence of UFOs.

NASA Has Released Awesome Footage That Has Revolutionized Our Understanding Of Mars

 

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory shared some surprising new footage of their latest flights 

over Mars. Some recent flybys have revealed new avalanche images that are forming on Mars. 

These flybys have helped scientists develop new and more accurate theories of the sea and 

its past. Learn more about this in the video below: